Lost in the Cosmos

Lost in the Cosmos: The Last Self-Help Book is a satirical self-help book by Walker Percy. First published by Picador in 1983 and winner of the 1983 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Current Interest, Lost in the Cosmos mocks traditional self-help books and the complex, moral abstractions they are based on. The book is praised for its originality. Percy is regarded as one of the most significant American writers of the twentieth century. He was best known for his 1961 novel, The Moviegoer, which Time magazine named one of the best English-language books published since 1923.

Percy isn’t trying to negate the value of self-help books in principle. However, he’s conscious of their major collective flaw. Self-help books are built around solutions and philosophical maxims that sound good but don’t teach readers anything useful. The average self-help book doesn’t equip readers with the tools to help themselves—rather, it offers them fancy-sounding snippets that only work in theory. No human is that simple.

Percy takes a new approach to the genre by, instead, making his readers feel they are part of a moving, evolving “conversation,” and encouraging them to engage with all ideas, even ones which they don’t agree with. He believes that, too often, we shy away from words and arguments which don’t fit our worldview, which keeps us stuck in one mindset and hinders any chance of self-improvement.



Lost in the Cosmos centers on our obsession with diversion. We spend most of our lives looking for distractions to give us pleasure, meaning we seek happiness in things which cannot last. This begins a cycle of despair and despondency, and we try to fill the gaps with more diversions. And, so, the cycle continues ad nauseam.

Self-help books are diversions because we seek in them the answers to all our problems, and no book can ever provide this. If we diligently follow the “remedies” and “solutions” provided by a book, and things don’t work out or change for us, we end up more despondent than before. Because self-help books aren’t teaching us to think for ourselves, we end up reading more of them in a futile search for one perfect solution to our problems. They don’t equip us with our own coping mechanisms.

Percy assures us that we are all unique and it’s normal to wonder where we fit into the cosmos. There’s no such thing as a “one size fits all” answer, and when self-help books fail, we end up assuming there’s something gravely wrong with us. We assume we are somehow beyond help—which, for Percy, is completely untrue. The problem is, we need to learn how to help ourselves.



The main thesis in Lost in the Cosmos is that we are all essentially unstable and looking for something to make us feel whole and balanced. We’re looking for something to remind us that we’re here, in the universe, and that our individual personality matters. We do this through immanence or transcendence. For immanence, we immerse ourselves in relationships, recreation, or drugs and alcohol, to block out those parts of our human experience that we don’t understand or don’t like.

Transcendence, on the other hand, means the desire to rise above our single human experience, becoming part of something bigger—such as a cause or our work. We lose ourselves, and our souls don’t know how to reclaim that sense of self. Most of us spend our time moving between a transcendent state and immanence, but we never find that self-awareness and fulfillment we are looking for.

Percy is concerned by how modern experts try to categorize us and explain the human condition. We’re obsessed with developing scientific “norms” by which we reduce humans to statistical data. We do this in a misguided attempt to understand ourselves. However, this is directly at odds with the human desire to mean something and to find our individuality. Modern scientists and doctors are too preoccupied with diagnosing people based on rudimentary symptoms instead of exploring the root causes that are specific to them.



Percy tries to reassure us that it’s normal to feel that self-help books don’t work and that we deserve better than dry solutions based on scientific norms. The problem is that, as humans living in a scientific age in which we can explain much of what was previously inexplicable, we want to control our souls the way we control technology, and this is impossible.

Percy concludes that nature gives us moods and personalities, which guide us towards our own personal truths and what we’re supposed to do with our lives. We spend so much time trying to deny our real feelings and desires and wondering why distractions don’t work, which is futile. Instead, we should be spending our time getting to know ourselves, confronting who we are, and building our lives based on these truths. We have a right, essentially, to liberate our souls.